Damn History 16 for making me a logical person.

this is a summary or , an outline of the spanish colonial system in the philippines.

Motives:

• Religious: Patronato Real; convert the natives in order to save their souls
• Economic: control of the "Spice Trade" meant more gold (mercantilism: doctrine of bullionism )

Initial Native Responses:

• Resistance: Lapu-lapu, Lakandula, Sulayman, etc.
• Accommodation: the chieftains became the new local ruling elite known as the Principalia, from whose ranks came the local government officials

Pre-19^th C. Conditions in the Philippines and the Nature of Spanish Colonialism : Ist Stage: 1565 - 1770

• outpost; frontier colony

• stepping stone towards China and the rest of Asia

• base of operation for the building of a Pacific Empire

• Spanish presence was limited to coastal areas, interiors and uplands were spared

• mainly a missionary field

• Native Responses: Sporadic Uprisings; restricted sense of nationhood

• the term "Filipino" referred only to Philippine-born Spaniards, also known as Insulares, while the natives were called "Indios"

18^th & 19^th Century Global and Local Developments: 2nd Stage: 1770 - 1898

Global Scene:

• Rise of Capitalism

• Expansion of Trade and Commerce

• Scientific and Intellectual Revolution

• advancement in Agriculture and increased demand for agricultural products

• Industrialization

• Liberalism and Political Upheavals: French Revolution, American Revolution and other Independence Movements ( Latin America )

Impact on the Philippines: Economic Reforms in 1770’s: Change from Hapsburg Kings to Bourbon Kings; meant to transform the Philippines into an economic asset of Spain

• Tobacco Monopoly, Royal Company of the Philippines: therefore: intensification of economic colonialism in the Philippines

• Opening of the Philippines to World Trade

1834 = official opening of the Philippines to world trade; brought in the machinery and the consumer goods from the industrialized economies of the West; the Philippines became a producer and exporter of agricultural products (commercialized agriculture) and a market for Western products and technology....... Thus, the Philippines was linked to the global economic system

1869: the Suez Canal was opened; shortened travel distance with Europe

Local Scene:

• converted the Philippines into an economic asset

• intensification of colonization

• deeper penetration of the archipelago

• evolution of the term "Filipino" which came to include the "Mestizo," who were rising in number, & mostly of Chinese lineage, but with Hispanized culture : result of inter-racial marriages

• Rise of the Filipino "Burgis" (middle class) : occupied positions of influence in key sectors of colonial society:

1. Business: Inquilinos (lease-holders engaged in commercial agriculture: sugar); Middlemen (Chinese Mestizos engaged in buy-&-sell of agri-exports); Retail-Wholesale merchants
2. Local Government: Municipal (Pueblo) & Barangay officials
3. Military: NCOs in the Spanish army & navy were Filipinos who were racially discriminated & distrusted, thus, were not allowed commissions as officers
4. Academe: Ilustrados (Professors, Students, & Professionals)
5. the Catholic Church: Secular or Diocesan Clergy..... GomBurZa, etc.

BUT: THE MIDDLE CLASS REPRESENTED ONLY A SMALL FRACTION OF THE POPULATION

HYPOTHESIS: Economic Progress (wealth) & Education, complicated with discontent, fuelled the NATIONALIST MOVEMENT before 1872, resulting in reprisals & persecutions......... i.e., Cavite Mutiny; Secularization Controversy



whew! I wasn't required to make this thing....